Rodas, rodízios e roletes: Normalização

 

Rodas, rodízios e roletes: Normalização

 

Rodas e rodízios foram objecto de normalização por parte de várias organizações. A nível internacional, temos a considerar:

1. Normas ISO, elaboradas por International Organization for Standardization:

  • ISO 22877:2004 — Castors and wheels — Vocabulary, symbols and multilingual terminology.
  • ISO 22878:2004 — Castors and wheels — Test methods and apparatus.
  • ISO 22879:2004 — Castors and wheels — Requirements for castors for furniture.
  • ISO 22880:2016 — Castors and wheels – Castors for furniture – Requirements for castors for swivel chairs.
  • ISO 22881:2004 — Castors and wheels — Requirements for use on manually propelled equipment for institutional applications.
  • ISO 22882:201 6 — Castors and wheels — Requirements for castors for hospital beds.
  • ISO 22883:2004 — Castors and wheels — Requirements for applications up to 1,1 m/s (4 km/h).
  • ISO 22884:2004 — Castors and wheels — Requirements for applications over 1,1 m/s (4 km/h) and up to 4,4 m/s (16 km/h).

 

A nível europeu, temos a considerar as Normas ETRTO, as Normas EN e a normas ISO ou EN que já foram adoptadas por diversos países (por exemplo, normas BS ISO, BS EN, ENI EN, etc.). Vejamos as normas ETRTO, EN, UNI e UNI EN:

2. Normas ETRTO, elaboradas pela organização The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation:

Industrial and Lift Truck Tyres – Solid Tyres:

  • Rubber Solid Tyres (Cylindrical Base and Conical Base).
  • Rubber Solid Tyres for Pneumatic Tyre Rim.

 

 3. Normas EN, elaboradas pelas organizações CEN (European Committee for Standardization), CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) e ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute):

  • EN 1004:2004 – Mobile access and working towers made of prefabricated elements – Materials, dimensions, design loads, safety and performance requirements.
  • EN 12526:1998 – Mechanical systems and components for general use (Vocabularies).
  • EN 12527:1998 – Castors and wheels – Test methods and apparatus.
  • EN 12528:1998 – Castors and wheels – Castors for furniture – Requirements.
  • EN 12529:1998 – Castors and wheels – Castors for furniture – Castors for swivel chairs – Requirements.
  • EN 12530:1998 – Castors and wheels – Castors and wheels for manually propelled institutional applications.
  • EN 12531:1998 – Castors and wheels – Hospital bed castors.
  • EN 12532:1998 – Castors and wheels – Castors and wheels for applications up to 1,1 m/s (4 km/h).
  • EN 12533:1998 – Castors and wheels – Castors and wheels for applications over 1,1 m/s (4 km/h) and up to 4,4 m/s (16 km/h).
  • EN-840-1:2012 – Mobile waste and recycling containers – Part 1: Containers with 2 wheels with a capacity up to 400 l for comb lifting devices – Dimensions and design.
  • EN 840-2:2012 – Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment.
  • EN 840-3:2013 – Mobile waste and recycling containers – Part 3: Containers with 4 wheels with a capacity up to 1300 l with dome lid(s), for trunnion and/or comb lifting devices – Dimensions and design.
  • EN-840-4:2012 – Mobile waste and recycling containers – Part 4: Containers with 4 wheels with a capacity up to 1 700 l with flat lid(s), for wide trunnion or BG- and/or wide comb lifting devices – Dimensions and design.
  • EN-840-5:2004 – Mobile waste and recycling containers – Part 5: Performance requirements and test methods.
  • EN 840-6: 2012 – Mobile waste and recycling containers – Part 6: Safety and healthy requirements.

 

4. Normas UNI e UNI EN, elaboradas pela organização Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione:

  • UNI 11330:2009 — Ruote e supporti – Scorrevolezza – Metodi di prova (Rodas e suportes – Suavidade – Método de ensaio).
  • UNI EN 12526:2002 — Vocabolario, simboli raccomandati e dizionario multilingue.
  • UNI EN 12527:2001 — Ruote e supporti, metodi di prova e apparecchiature.
  • UNI EN 12528:2001 — Ruote e supporti, rotelle per arredamento.
  • UNI EN 12529:2001 — Ruote e supporti, rotelle per arredamento, rotelle per sedie mobili.
  • UNI EN 12530:2001 –Ruote e supporti, ruote e supporti per attrezzature mobili per comunità.
  • UNI EN 12532:2001– Ruote e supporti, ruote e supporti per applicazioni fino a 1,1 m/s.
  • UNI EN 12533:2001 — Ruote e supporti, ruote e supporti per applicazioni oltre i 1,1 m/s e fino a 4,4 m/s.
  • UNI EN ISO 9227:2017 — Prove di corrosione in atmosfere artificiali – Prove in nebbia salina.

 

5. Temos também a considerar as normas MIL, dos Estados Unidos da América do Norte (United States Military Standard – MIL Standards):

  • MIL-DTL-3100H – Wheel Assemblies, Solid Elastomer Tired; for Track Laying Vehicles.

 

As normas ISO e EN são as que se revestem de maior interesse; estas normas já foram adoptadas e transcritas, para as respectivas linguagens nacionais, por vários países, nomeadamente europeus. Várias normas UNI atrás referidas são a transcrição de normas EN, como pode ser constatado. As normas ETRTO apresentam bastante interesse para rodas de utilização industrial, do tipo fixação por pressão (press-on type), como vimos quando abordamos este tipo de rodas.